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  • Reconnaissance of the ground-water resources of the Fernandina area, Nassau County, Florida

    Leve, G. W. (Florida Geological Survey, 1961)
    Practically all water for municipal and industrial usein the Fernandina area is supplied by artesian wells. Inrecent years, the use of artesian water in the area has increasedto meet the needs of expanding industry and increasingpopulation. The total industrial and municipal pumpagehas increased from approximately 35 million gallons per dayin 1941 to approximately 50 million gallons per day in 1959.Correlated with the increase in water use is the constantdecline in the artesian pressure in the area. In many otherareas in Florida, such a decline in artesian pressure hasresulted in salt-water intrusion into the fresh-water supply.An intrusion of salt water in the Fernandina area would contaminatethe existing fresh-water supply and would resultin a hardship for the population and seriously injure theeconomy.Recognizing the threat to the fresh-water supplies ofthis area, the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation withthe Florida Geological Surveymade a reconnaissance to determineifthere has been any intrusion of salt water into thefresh-water supply or if there is any danger of future intrusion. (PDF contains 28 pages.)
  • Interim report on the hydrologic features of the Green Swamp area in Central Florida

    Pride, R. W.; Meyer, F. W.; Cherry, R. N. (Florida Geological Survey, 1961)
    The Green Swamp area in central Florida is anotherarea where man is developing agricultural land from marginalland. Though the area is by no means as extensive asthat of the Everglades, the present efforts for its developmentare similar to the early efforts for developing the Evergladesin that many miles of canals and ditches have beenconstructed to improve the drainage.Lest the early mistakes of the Everglades be repeated,the Florida Department of Water Resources considered thatan appraisal of the physical and hydrologic features of thearea was needed to determine the broad effects of drainingand developing the swamp. This reconnaissance provides information requiredby the State of Florida for determining its responsibilityand policy in regard to the Green Swamp area andfor formulating future plans for water management of thearea.Some of the features that have been determined are:the amount of rainfall on the area; the pattern of surfacewaterdrainage; the amount and direction of surface-waterrunoff; the direction of ground-water movement; the interrelationshipof rainfall, surface water, and ground water;the effects of improved drainage facilities'; and the effectsof the hydrologic environment on the chemical quality ofwater of the area.(PDF contains 106 pages.)
  • Surface water resources of Polk County, Florida

    Heath, Richard C. (Florida Geological Survey, 1961)
    The rapid increase in population in Polk County duringthe last decade has been accompanied by a several-fold increasein the number and complexity of problems pertainingtothe use andcontrolof the streams andlakes of the county.The increase in problems has increased the need for moreinformation about the occurrence and movement of surfacewater. The primary purpose of this report is to give thatinformation. Its secondary purpose is to give informationthat will promote an understanding of the nature and causesof the problems or that will aid in arriving at practical solutions. (PDF contains 133 pages.)
  • Record of wells in Volusia County, Florida

    Wyrick, Granville G. (Florida Geological Survey, 1961)
    A detailed study of the geology and ground-waterresources of Volusia County, on the eastern coast of Florida(fig. 1), was made during the period 1953-57 by the U. S.Geological Survey in cooperation with the Florida GeologicalSurvey and the cities of Daytona Beach, New Smyrna Beach,and Port Orange. The results of this study have been publishedby the Florida Geological Survey in the followingreports: Information Circular No. 8, entitled "InterimReport on Ground-Water Resources of Northeastern Part ofVolusia County, Florida, " by Granville G. Wyrickand WillardP. Leutze;, and Report of Investigations No. 22, entitled"Ground-Water Resources of Volusia County, Florida, " byGranville G. Wyrick.This report contains a table of well records that wascompiled from data collected during that investigation. longitude. (PDF contains 100 pages.)
  • Record of wells in the Ruskin area of Hillsborough County, FLorida

    Peek, Harry M. (Florida Geological Survey, 1959)
    A detailed study of the geology and ground-waterresources of the Ruskin area (fig. 1) was made during theperiod from 1950 to 1955, by the U. S. Geological Survey incooperation with the Florida Geological Survey and the Boardof County Commissioners of Hillsborough County. Theresults of this study are given in a report by Harry M. Peekentitled "The artesian water of the Ruskin area of HillsboroughCounty, Florida" and published by the Florida GeologicalSurvey as Report of Investigations No. 21.This report contains tables of well records that werecompiled from data collected during that investigation. Thewell-numbering system used in the tables is based on latitudeand longitude. (PDF contains 88 pages.)
  • Interim report on surface water resources of Baker County, Florida

    Pride, R. W. (Florida Geological Survey, 1958)
    The principal sources of surface-water supplies inBakerCounty are the St. Marys River and its tributaries. However,the flow of many of the small tributaries is intermittent, andwithout storage they are not dependable sources of supplyduring sustained periods of deficient rainfall.Of the six stream-gaging stations in Baker County forwhich complete records are available, one has been in operationfor 31 years and provides a long-term record upon whichto base correlative estimates for extending the short-term records at the other stations. All available streamflow datato 1957 have been summarized in graphic or tabular form.The hydrologic balance between minimum streamflowsand increased evaporation losses afforded by potential shallowreservoirs provides design criteria for determining the maximumsurface area of effective reservoir that can be createdat a selected site within Baker County. This information hasbeen presented in graphic and tabular form in the report.(PDF has 37 pages.)
  • Final report on an inventory of flowing artesian wells in Florida: leading to the enforcement of sections 373.021 - 373.061 Florida Statutes 1957

    Hendry, C.W.; Lavender, J. A. (Florida Geological Survey, 1959)
    This report published as Information Circular No. 21,together with the interim report published in 1957 as InformationCircular No. 10, Florida Geological Survey, illustratesas completely as possible the situation that now existsamong the freely flowing wells of the State. (PDF contains 40 pages.)
  • Record of wells in Manatee County, Florida

    Peek, Harry M. (Florida Geological Survey, 1958)
    A detailed study of the geology and ground-waterresources of Manatee County (fig. 1) was made during theperiod from 1950 to 1955. This report contains a table of well records that wascompiled from data collected during that investigation. Thewell-numbering system used in the table is based on latitudeand longitude. (PDF contains 204 pages.)
  • Interim report on geology and ground-water resources of Indian River County, Florida

    Bermes, B. J. (Florida Geological Survey, 1958)
    In the area of this investigation a partial inventory wasmade of the estimated 2,000 existing wells to obtain informationon location, depth, and yield of representative wells.Also, data were obtained on the quality of water from thevarious aquifers, and on the fluctuation of water levels incertain wells in the Floridan aquifer. The hydraulic characteristicsof the Floridan aquifer at several sites weredetermined by means of pumping tests. (PDF has 80 pages.)
  • Changes in the chloride content of ground water in Pinellas County, Florida between 1947 and 1956

    Brown, D. W. (Florida Geological Survey, 1958)
    In December 1956 the U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperationwith the Florida Geological Survey and the Board ofCounty Commissioners of Pinellas County, collected waterleveland chloride content of water in 94 wells in PinellasCounty. First sampled in 1947, resampling and reanalyzing the waterfrom these wells was used to determine the change in the chloridecontent of the ground water from 1947 to 1956. The chloridecontent of ground water is generally a reliable indication ofthe contamination of ground water by sea water, as 90 percent of the dissolved solids of sea water are chloride salts. (PDF contains 15 pages.)
  • Ground-water resources of the Stuart area, Martin County, Florida

    Lichtler, W. F. (Florida Geological Survey, 1957)
    Because the Stuart area is, at times, surrounded on threesides by saline water, the underlying fresh-water aquifer isvulnerable to salt-water encroachment. With progressivelylarger withdrawals of ground water for public and privatesupplies, the possibility of salt-water contamination of freshwatersupplies is increased. (PDF contains 51 pages.)
  • Flood of June 9, 1957, at Perry, Florida

    Musgrove, R. H. (Florida Geological Survey, 1958)
    Floods occurred on streams in the vicinity of Perry,Taylor County, Florida, on June 9, 1957, as a result of heavyrains from atropical disturbance. Serious flooding occurredin Perry along Spring and Pimple creeks as outlined by theshaded area in figure 1, requiring the evacuation of aboutZOO families from the lowland area. No loss of life wasreported. The damages to residential and commercial propertieswere estimated at several million dollars. Most ofthe damage was confined to residential areas (fig. 2); however,several stores in the area were damaged by floodwaters (fig. 3).This report presents data pertaining to the rainfallaccompanying this storm and peak flows of Spring and Pimplecreeks in Perry. It contains flood elevations at severalpoints, and peak discharges of the two creeks flowing throughPerry. The report also contains a discussion of the rainfallassociated with the flood and a description of the generalfeatures of the flood. (PDF contains 16 pages.)
  • Interim report on the progress of an inventory of artesian wells in Florida: leading to the enforcement of sections 370.051 - 370.54, Florida statues

    Hendry, Charles W.; Lavender, James A. (Florida Geological Survey, 1957)
    One of the causes of lower artesian pressure, waterwaste and aquifer contamination is the misuse and insufficientcare of artesian wells. In 1953, Senate Bill No. 57, entitled"An Act to Protect and Control the Artesian Waters of theState" (see Appendix) became a law. This law was passedthrough the efforts exerted by leading members of the Senateand the House of Representatives, who understood the needfor a wise and controlled expenditure of our most valuablenatural resource.The State Geologist and his authorized representativeswere designated by this law to enforce this conservationmeasure; however, no financial provision was included forthe 1953-55 biennium. The proposed program of the FloridaGeological Survey for this biennium did not include the fundsnor provide any full-time personnel for the enforcement ofthis statute. As a result, little actual work was accomplished during these two years, although much time was given toplanning and discussion of the problem.Realizing that this program could provide additional basicdata needed in the analysis of the water-supply problem, theState Geologist sought and was granted by the 1955 Legislatureadequate funds with which to activate the first phase of theenforcement of Florida Statute No. 370.051-054.Enumerated below is a summary of the progress madeon this investigation as outlined previously:1. Data have been collected on 967 wildly flowing wellsin 22 counties.2. Chloride determinations have been run on 850 of the967 wells.3. Of the 967 wells, 554 have chlorides in excess of the250 ppm, the upper limit assigned by the State Boardof Health for public consumption.4. Water escapes at the rate of 37, 762 gallons per minutefrom these 967 wells. This amounts to 54, 377, 280gallons per day.The investigation is incomplete at this time; therefore,no final conclusions can be reached. However, from dataalready collected, the following recommendations are proposed:1. That the present inventory of wildly flowing wells becompleted for the entire State.2. That the current inventory of wildly flowing wells beexpanded at the conclusion of the present inventoryto include all flowing wells.3. That a complete statewide inventory program beestablished and conducted in cooperation with theGround Water Branchof the U.S. Geological Survey.4. That the enforcement functions as set down in Sections370.051/.054, Florida Statutes, be separated fromthe program to collect water-resource data and thatthese functions be given to the Water ResourcesDepartment, if such is created (to be recommendedby the Water Resources Study Commission in a waterpolicy law presented to the 1957 Legislature).5. That the research phase (well inventory) of the programremain under the direction of the Florida GeologicalSurvey. (PDF contains 204 pages.)
  • Interim report on salt-water encroachment in Dade County, Florida

    Klein, Howard (Florida Geological Survey, 1957)
    Recently there has been much activity in reclaiming thelow-lying coastal areas of Dade County for residential use,by the addition of fill. The fill is obtained by digging canalsboth normal to and parallel to Biscayne Bay. The canalsserve the additional purpose of providing an access to theBay for boats. A problem needing to be considered is theeffect that these canals will have on the ground-water resources.It is expected that the canals will have little effecton ground water in parts of the county distant from the coast,but their effect in coastal areas is a matter of concern. Inorder to predict what, may happen in the vicinity of thesenew canals if they are not equipped with adequate controlstructures, it is instructive to review what has happened inthe vicinity of similar canals in the past.The U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with DadeCounty, the cities of Miami and Miami Beach, the Centraland Southern Florida Flood Control District, and the FloridaGeological Survey has collected water-level and salinitydata on wells and canals in Dade County since 1939. Someof the agencies named, and others, collected similar databefore 1939. Analysis of all the data shows that sea waterin the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bayis the sole source ofsalt-water contamination in the Biscayne aquifer of the DadeCounty area. (PDF has 19 pages.)
  • Interim report on surface water resources and quality of waters in Lee County, Florida

    Kenner, William E.; Brown, Eugene (Florida Geological Survey, 1956)
    Report seeks to address following questions:1. Where within Lee County are surface suppliesof water located?2. What are the variations in this supply?3. What can be done to provide better answersto questions 1 and 2 than are available atthe present time? (PDF contains 76 pages.)
  • Interim report on the ground-water resources of Seminole County, Florida

    Heath, Ralph C.; Barraclogh, Jack T. (Florida Geological Survey, 1954)
    Salt-water encroachment is undoubtedly the problem of most concern tousers of ground water in Florida. This is a problem in many coastal areaswhere water levels are lowered excessively by heavy pumping. It is aproblem also in some inland areas where the water-bearing formations containsalty water at relatively shallow depths. Among the coastal areas where wellshave become contaminated with salt water are Pinellas County and the Miamiarea of Dade County. Inland areas where wells are likely to become contaminatedwith salt water include Seminole County and the southwestern partof Volusia County.The purpose of the investigation is to make a detailed study of thegeology and ground-water resources of the county with special emphasis onthe problems associated with declining water levels and salt-watercontamination. This report reviews briefly the progress of the investigationthrough February 1954. (PDF contains 43 pages.)
  • Interim report on the ground-water resources of Manatee County, Florida

    Peek, Harry M.; Anders, Robert B. (Florida Geological Survey, 1955)
    A large part of western Manatee County is devoted to the growing ofwinter vegetables and citrus fruits. As in most of peninsular Florida,rainfall in the county during the growing season is not sufficient for cropproduction and large quantites of artesian water are used for irrigation.The large withdrawals of artesian water for irrigation result in a considerabledecline of the artesian head in the western part of the county. This seasonaldecline of the artesian head has become larger as the withdrawal of artesianwater has increased. The lowering of the fresh-water head in some coastal areas in the Statehas resulted in an infiltration of sea water into the water-bearing formations.The presence of salty water in the artesian aquifer in parts of the coastal areaof Manatee County indicates that sea water may also have entered the waterbearingformations in this area as a result of the decline of artesian pressureduring the growing season. The purpose of the investigation is to make a detailed study of the geologyand ground-water resources of the county, primarily to determine whethersalt-water encroachment has occurred or is likely to occur in the coastal area. (PDF contains 38 pages.)
  • The artesian water of the Ruskin area of Hillsborough County, Florida: interim report

    Peek, Harry M. (Florida Geological Survey, 1953)
    The purpose of the investigation is to make a detailed study of thegeology and ground water in the Ruskin area, especially as related to theproblem of salt-water encroachment. The major objectives of the programincludes:(1) An inventory of wells to determine their number and distribution,their depths and diameters, and other pertinent information.(2) A study of artesian pressures.(3) Analyses of water from selected wells to determine the locationand extent of any areas in which the artesian water is salty.(4) A study of the surface and subsurface geology as related to theoccurrence and movement of ground water.(5) An estimate of the quantity of ground water withdrawn.(PDF contains 24 pages.)
  • Ground water in Florida

    Cooper, H. H.; Stringfield, V. T. (Florida Geological Survey, 1950)
    lGround water in Florida is the principal source of supply forindustrial, municipal, agricultural, and domestic uses. Duringthe last half century large developments of ground water have beenmade, and new developments are currently being addedi However, althoughproblems of supply, some of them critical, have arisen in certain areas,vast quantities of ground water are:yet available for development over amajor part of the State. It is quite conceivable that the availabilityof large developed water resources in Florida, in contrast with theshortages of supply in many other parts of the country, may play a dominantrole in the agricultural and industrial growth of the State. (PDF has 15 pages.)
  • Water resource records of the Econfina Creek Basin area, Florida

    Musgrove, R. H.; Foster, J. B.; Toler, L. G. (Florida Geological Survey, 1968)
    The Econfina Creek basin area in northwestern Florida, which includes BayCounty, southeastern Washiigton County, and parts of Calhoun, Gulf, andJackson counties is shown in figure 1. The basin has an abundant supply ofground water and surface water of good quality. This determination is based ona three-year investigation of the water resources of the basin by the U. S.Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Geology, Florida Board ofConservation, during the period from October 1961 through June 1964. Thepurpose of this report is to assemble the basic data collected during thisinvestigation for those persons interested in water development or managementin this basin.(Document has 131 pages.)

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