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  • A summary of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Canada

    White, Alan W.; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    Paralytic shellfish poisoning occurs along both the east and west coasts of Canada. Since 1973 there have been more than 300 documented cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning, resulting in about 35 deaths. Causative dinoflagellates include Gonyaulax catenella, G. acatenella and G. excavata. Details are given of shellfish contamination, toxic blooms patterns, toxicity monitoring, impact on shellfish industry and detoxification.
  • Shellfish poisoning in Japanese waters

    Anraku, Masateru; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    Under the supervision of the Fisheries Agency, each prefectural government has the responsibility of carrying out monitoring programs. Although some problems exist, monitoring operations have been proceeding successfully. Investigations concerning various aspects of shellfish poisoning are being conducted by 6 national institutions, 15 universities, and about 30 fisheries laboratories. Because shellfish poisoning is a kind of natural phenomenon, the only defense is the establishment of precise monitoring techniques to reduce damages. Efforts to improve monitoring, however, need to be carried out through fundamental research.
  • Indo-Pacific toxic red-tide occurrences, 1972-1984

    Maclean, Jay L.; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok - Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    A brief review is made of the incidences of red tides and paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Indo-Pacific region during the period 1972-84, indicating the organisms involved in the toxicity.
  • Shellfish poisoning in association with the occurrence of potentially toxic dinoflagellates in the Gulf of Thailand

    Suvapepun, Sunee; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    A study was conducted to detect the causative organisms of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Thailand waters and to observe the occurrence of the toxic bloom and red tides in the toxic shellfish beds.
  • Red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning phenomena in Thailand

    Sudara, Suraphol; Tamiyavanich, Suthichai; Wisessang, Suchana; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    A report is made of the first incidence occurring of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Thailand in May 1983, following an extensive bloom of Trichodesmium erythraeum. Investigations undertaken regarding the source of the toxicity are outlined.
  • Red tides and paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Philippines

    Estudillo, Ruben A.; Gonzales, Cielito L.; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hoo, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    Monitoring and investigative work undertaken in the Philippines regarding dinoflagellate blooms are described. Chronological observations of the occurrence of red tides, aerial surveys, spatial distribution of the dinoflagellate and the physical environment are discussed. Fishing and the examination of gut content of fish and mussels and bioassay tests are detailed. Incidents of paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Philippines are considered briefly.
  • Detoxification of Pyrodinium-generated paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin in Perna viridis from Western Samar, Philippines

    Gacutan, Rogelio Q.; Tabbu, M. Y.; Gallego, Amalia B.; de Castro, Teresa; Bulalacao, Minvilu; Arafiles, Lourdes; Icatlo, Jr., F.; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    The results are presented of procedures for the detoxification of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin using ozone, chlorine and PVP-iodine. Findings indicate ozone and PVP-iodine to effectively inactivate the toxins isolated from Perna viridis; however, further investigations are recommended.
  • Status of shellfish toxicity in Singapore

    Cheong, Leslie; Chuan, Lim Lian; Chung, Chong Yen; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    No incidence of shellfish toxicity related to red tides has been recorded in Singapore to date. Only one species of dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium catenatum, has been found dominant in some of the phytoplankton blooms reported. Monitoring is regularly carried out in the waters along Johore Strait for paralytic shellfish poisoning on a fortnightly basis.
  • Red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia

    Sang, Joseph Wong Tung; Ming, Ting Thian; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hoo, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    A brief account is given of recent cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia, and toxicological studies undertaken. Hydrography surveys, underwater observations after the occurrence of the red tides and plankton studies and monitoring of red tides are discussed.
  • Status of shellfish toxicity and related problems in Malaysia

    Jothy, Alexander A.; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    A brief review is made of the current status regarding shellfish toxicity and red tide occurrence in Malaysia.
  • Lethal effect of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) from Perna viridis, with notes on the distribution of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa during a red tide in the Philippines

    Arafiles, Lourdes M.; Hermes, Rudolf; Morales, Jonathan Brandon T.; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    A study was conducted to determine the potency of the dinoflagellate toxin accumulated in green mussels, Perna viridis, in the Philippines. The results are also presented of a plankton survey undertaken in order to study the distribution and abundance of the red tide causing alga, Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa.
  • Toxic red tides and shellfish toxicity in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of a consultative meeting held in Singapore 11-14 September 1984

    White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    The occurrence of toxic red tides and paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) have become more frequent in Southeast Asian waters in recent years. A consultative meeting was organized by the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada on 11-14 September 1984 to review the status of shellfish toxicity in Southeast Asia and discuss ways and means for its improved study and control. It was attended by 28 officials and researchers from Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, including participants from the International Center for Living Aquatic Resource Management, IDRC and SEAFDEC. This volume resulted from the meeting and provides, for the first time, a review of past problems and current research on the subject. It includes edited papers, recommendations and conclusions of the meeting. The papers describe the background related to PSP and red tide in the region as well as the measures taken to protect consumers. Also included are resource papers outlining conditions in Canada and Japan and the protective measures which have been adopted by the two countries.
  • Occurrences of red tide in Brunei Darussalam and methods of monitoring and surveillance

    Jaafar, Matdanan Haji; Subramaniam, Selvanathan; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    Details are given of red tides which occurred in Brunei Darussalam, 1976 and 1980. Methods of monitoring are described which included plankton sampling, aerial surveillance and toxicity tests.
  • Distribution of dinoflagellates at Jakarta Bay, Taman Jaya, Banten, and Benoa Bay, Bali: A report of an incident of fish poisoning at eastern Nusa Tenggara

    Adnan, Quraisyin; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok.-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    A description is given of an incident of fish poisoning in East Nusa Tenggana in November 1983, which resulted from a red tide. Sampling studies were made to investigate the distribution of dinoflagellates in Jakarta Bay, Taman Jaya, Banten, and Benoa Bay, Bali. Four genera were observed: Noctiluca, Ceratium, Dinophysis and Peridinium.
  • Shellfish in Indonesia

    Soemarno, Soemarno; White, Alan W.; Anraku, Masateru; Hooi, Kok-Kuang (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1984)
    An account is given of present shellfish production in Indonesia, indicating the species involved, collection methods, production and value, and utilization.
  • Fermented fish products in Thailand

    Rattagool, Pongpen (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1988)
    Details are given of fermentation processes involved in the production of fermented fish in Thailand, considering in particular conditions to speed up the process and also examining factors which play an important role in determining the aroma, flavor and color of the finished product. The quality of the fermented product depends on the species and quality of the fish used and also the techniques used; good quality products result if the proportion of salt to fish is 1:2 and the temperature for incubation 25-30°C.
  • Microbiology in quality control: Cockle depuration in Malaysia

    Ishak, Ismail Bin Haji (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1988)
    Development of the cockle industry in Malaysia is discussed, with respect to problems regarding quality control. Activities conducted concerning the establishment of depuration plants to purify the cockles prior to sale are outlined, considering also bacteriological testing to show purification to acceptable limits.
  • Satay fish and other traditional fish products development in Malaysia

    Bakar, Megat Mohd Fouzi bin Haji Megat Abu (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1988)
    Development activities in the traditional fish processing industry in Malaysia during the past two decades are outlined. Satay fish, keropok, dried/salted fish, and belacan products are detailed.
  • Effect of trading time on the quality of fish traded at Navotas Fishing Port Complex

    Celis, Jose M. (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1988)
    The Navotas Fishing Port Complex in Manila Bay, Philippines and its harbour and market operations are described in detail. The findings are presented of an assessment study conducted regarding the fish quality in the trading halls; quality was found to improve with night-time trading as opposed to day-time trading.
  • Development of minced fish industry in Thailand

    Suwanrangsi, Sirilak (Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1988)
    Development in minced fish technology in Thailand has involved the improvement of machinery to replace manpower, the development of new processing techniques and the improved utilization of underutilized species. Socio-economic factors are examined, considering the increase in price of raw material, an increase in employment and consumer benefits. Technology transfer is also outlined.

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