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AquaDocs is the joint open access repository of the UNESCO/IOC InternationaI Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) and the International Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information Centers (IAMSLIC) with support from the FAO Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. It is a thematic repository covering the natural marine, coastal, estuarine /brackish and fresh water environments and includes all aspects of the science, technology, management and conservation of these environments, their organisms and resources, and the economic, sociological and legal aspects. [see About]
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Monitoreo en un sector rehabilitado en las Playas del Este, La Habana, Cuba (2018-2019)Revista de Investigaciones MarinasEn el año 2013, se ejecutó un proyecto de rehabilitación funcional de dunas en el frente costero del hotel Marazul, ubicado en Santa María del Mar, la cual pertenece a las Playas del Este de La Habana, Cuba. Con posterioridad, se destinó financiamiento para monitorear las dunas rehabilitadas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar los resultados de la última campaña, realizada entre junio de 2018 y abril de 2019, y su comparación con el monitoreo anterior. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron conocer que, entre el último monitoreo y el actual, este tramo costero se recuperó, logrando un ligero incremento del volumen de arena en las dunas (≈ 45 m3). Sin embargo, durante la presente investigación, se produjo una reducción del área de duna, afectándose fundamentalmente su cara frontal. El balance sedimentario fue negativo, con un egreso de 665,68 m3 de sedimento y una taza de retención de arena de -2,37 m3/m/año. Sin embargo, las dunas en ningún momento fueron sobrepasadas por el oleaje, cumpliendo con su función de protección costera, al impedir las penetraciones del mar, proteger las instalaciones ubicadas tras ellas y servir de reserva de arena a la playa. Se comprobó variaciones en el ancho de playa, tanto en el tiempo como a lo largo del sector objeto de estudio, así como una alta ocupación de la postplaya, lo que puede estar contribuyendo a la reducción del transporte de arena hacia las dunas.
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Assessing genetic structuring for endangered Chelonia mydas (Testudines: Cheloniidae) in southwest Cuba using microsatellitesRevista de Investigaciones MarinasUnderstanding the population genetic structure of the species is essential for determining the possible management units (UM) and their conservation and/or sustainable exploitation with it. Chelonia mydas is recognized as an endangered philopatric turtle. This work aims to describe the population structure of the green turtle in southwestern Cuba through traditional analytical approaches and allocation methods. The collections were made between 1998 and 2007 on five beaches in the Cuban southwest. Seven microsatellite loci from 149 individuals were amplified and genetic variability parameters were calculated. The population structure was inferred through the use of Wright's F, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), and population assignment algorithms based on Bayesian analysis (STRUCTURE) and factorization of sparse non-negative matrices (implemented in R). Most of the loci were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and several presented linkage disequilibrium. The AMOVA and differentiation statistics suggest the presence of structure at the geographical level analyzed. The highest value of ΔK and the lowest value of cross-entropy were reached for K = 2, a result that suggests that in southwestern Cuba there is the contribution of two ancestral populations of Chelonia mydas. Relative migration estimates indicate active genetic exchange between nesting colonies in southwestern Cuba.
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Drilling predation on bivalve shell assemblages at Playa Guardalavaca, CubaRevista de Investigaciones MarinasDrilling predation plays an important role in the evolution and diversification of organisms, and is one of the most studied biotic interactions in fossil and modern records. Marks of drilling predation on mollusc shells are proof of food activity and the selective pressure of one taxon on another. In this study, we explore drilling predation on preserved bivalve death assemblages (thanatocoenosis) at Playa Guardalavaca, Cuba. We characterize the taxonomic composition, relative abundance and incidence of drilling. Furthermore, geometric morphometric tools were used to test whether there was a preference for any particular form of shell. Forty-eight species were identified, and a little less than half (21) showed drilling predation marks. The families with the highest species richness were Lucinidae and Tellinidae, with 11 species each. A total of 1,726 valves were quantified, estimating an abundance of 863 specimens. 190 valves showed drilling marks (22% of the abundance). The most abundant species were Lucina sp. (464 shells), Divalinga quadrisulcata (328), Americardia media (242), Ctena imbricatula (156), and Chione spp. (117). However, the most predated species were Epicodakia sp. (100%), Acorylus gouldii (56%), and Eurytellina sp. (44%). The highest predation rate occurs on small and medium-sized valves (≤ 7 mm); however, according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, this result is only statistically significative in Lucina sp. (p < 0.001). The morphometric analysis showed predation preferences for species with semi-circular rather than elliptical shells. These results elucidate that drilling predation on bivalves is not only determined by the abundance of prey, but also by their external morphology and size, suggesting highly specialised feeding behaviour by predators.
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Evaluation of the metallic contamination degree in green turtle’s feeding area Lanzanillo-Pajonal-Fragoso, CubaRevista de Investigaciones MarinasThe present work evaluates the contamination level by metallic elements in the marine sediments of Lanzanillo-Pajonal-Fragoso Wildlife Refuge, Villa Clara province, Cuba. Eight sampling stations were selected and the levels of Cr were quantified by X-Ray Fluorescence and Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe, Pb, Ni, Mn and Co by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The chemical pre-treatment of the samples was carried out following the modified ISO 11466 standard method and some validation parameters of the analytical technique were evaluated, showed the accuracy and feasibility of the method. To evaluate the study area contamination the International Sediment Quality Guide of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and four environmental contamination indexes were used: two enrichment indexes (the enrichment factor and the geoaccumulation index), an ecological risk index (the average ratio of moderate risk effects), and a contamination index (the modified degree of contamination). The results showed that the elements representing the greatest risk are Ni and Cr, since they exceed the concentration that causes Moderate Biological Effects. According to the evaluated indexes, it can be concluded that there is a presence of anthropogenic contamination in the protected area that may be affecting the turtle’s health due to the stress that they cause in them. The site of highest risk was Jácate and the element that more contribute to the metallic contamination is Cr, although significant values were obtained for Ni, Co and Fe.
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Asociaciones de peces de arrecifes en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe, Cuba: Influencia de la pesca y el hábitatRevista de Investigaciones MarinasEl mantenimiento de los servicios de los arrecifes de coral depende, en gran parte, de la conservación de la ictiofauna, y para desarrollar estrategias dirigidas a su conservación se requieren datos sobre su condición y amenazas. Este trabajo tuvo el objetivo de describir las asociaciones de peces de arrecifes en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe (PNCSF) y explorar la influencia de la pesca y el hábitat sobre atributos comunitarios. Entre 2013 y 2015, se estudiaron nueve sitios del arrecife (15-25m) con estéreo-video (535 transectos de 50m x 2m) y se contaron 47 792 individuos. La ictiofauna se caracterizó por un número alto de especies, alta densidad de especies de talla pequeña y biomasa acumulada en depredadores tope y macrocarnívoros (pirámide trófica invertida debido a agregaciones de pargos). Cerca del 60 % de la variación de la ictiofauna fue explicada por la turbidez del agua y la heterogeneidad del fondo. La densidad (90 indiv./100m2), la talla (14.2cm) y la biomasa de la ictiofauna (12 kg/100m2) y la biomasa de pargos y meros (65 g/m2) promedio del PNCSF, fueron similares a la de otros arrecifes protegidos. Sin embargo, se observó efecto negativo de la pesca en la disminución de indicadores de abundancia y talla a nivel de grupos funcionales y familias de interés para la pesca en el área oriental del PNCSF (mayor presión de pesca) con relación al área occidental. Además, la biomasa (15 g/m2) de herbívoros en el PNCSF y la de pargos y meros (12 g/m2) en el área oriental se evalúo como pobre. La información brindada puede ayudar a la toma de decisiones para el mejor uso de los recursos del arrecife en el PNCSF.