Stablish of gene bank on The Caspian Sea bony fish

Abstract

The aim of this study was stablish of gene bank on The Caspian Sea bony fish, identification genetic characterization and population of Barbus brachycephalus caspius, Lucioperca lucioperca , Rutilus rutilus caspius , Rutilus frisi kutum and Salmo trutta caspius in southern part of the Caspian Sea by molecular method (Microsatellites) and formation DNA bank, create of cryopreservation bank of bony fish and the feasibility of creating a natural habitat for spawning of bony fish in the Caspian Sea in order to preserve biodiversity and genetic risk. The results showed that The genetic diversity was significantly different between samples of Golestan (Goegan Gulf), Gilan (Sefidrood, Karganrood and Astara rivers) and Mazandaran (Tajan, Tonekabon, Sardabrood and Chaloos rivers) (p<0.05) and there were different genetic groups. In addition, DNA bank of these species was carried out. After sperm sampling of Rutilus frisi kutum and Salmo trutta caspius, their quality were tested and some parameters such as motility, duration of mobility, density, pH and osmolality were measured. The results showed that, percentage of motile sperm, timing motility and sperm density of Caspian trout were higher than those of Caspian kutum but osmolality and pH of Caspian trout were lower than those of Caspian kutum. Over time, the percentage of sperm motility and mobility for both species declined compared with fresh samples. After thawing, percentage of motile sperm and timing motility of Caspian kutum were lower than those factors Caspian trout. The results showed that the sample of Caspian kutum sperm that were diluted by ethylene glycol after thawing and were immotile all of them. However, the samples were diluted by glycerol, after thawing, were alive and motile. According to the results, it seems very important species differences that must be fully considered in the process of freezing sperm. The use of a single protocol would not be successful in cryopreservation because the reaction of sperm against to chemical agents is variable. Sampling of physical and chemical parameters of water, macrobenthic invertebrates and fish fauna was conducted seasonally in each rivers (Tajan, Haraz, Sardabrood and Chaloos rivers) at selected stations during one year. A total of 53 taxa of macrobentic invertabrates were identified in the four mentioned rivers. 15 species of fish were determined in the studied rivers that 6 of them were non-native species. All identified fish species were native and the anadermous fish was not catch. The results showed that, the relative abundance of fish species resistant to pollution and hard environmental conditions were much more that sensitive species. Physicochemical parameters of water, turbidity, nutrients, biodiversity, nutrition functioning group and present or absent of fish species showed that there are significant decrease in water qualities from upstream ratio to downstream and there is not any possibility to natural reproduction of migrated species that are dominant and in danger at downstream. In Shahid- Rajaei dam the maximum relative abundance of fish species belonged to Capoeta capoeta, Luciobarbus capito and Squalius cephalus, respectively. The resurvey of this dam and its upstream have been preparing such a favorable condition that seems there are potential of introduction and inhabitant of some of the in danger fish species as a genetic reserve for biodiversity preservation.