Extraction, identification and biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic) of terpenoid from sponge Dysidea spp. in Hengam Island, Persian gulf for antibiotic and anticancer drugs

Abstract

Studies have shown that sponges among aquatic animals produce the most secondary metabolites with bioactivity. This scientific study examines the extraction, identification, antifungal and antibacterial activities of terpenoid and steroid of sponge Dysidea spp. from Hengam Island, Persian Gulf. In this study, the dry powder of the sponge was extracted using acetone solvent by soaking method. Purification of acetone extract was carried out by column chromatography on silica gel with a gradient of n-hexan, ethyl acetate and methanol to isolation of terpenoids. In vitro cytotoxity examined by XTT assay, against KB/ C152, HUT-78/ C185 and Hek293 cell lines, and antimicrobial screening by dilution test examined on bacterial and fungal strains; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Nocardia brasiliensis and fungal Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The components; stigmasterol, phytol, α-Santonin, Ergosta-14,22-don-3-ol,(3β.5α,22E( ،cholest-8(14)-en-3- ol,(3β.5α) and Androstan-17-one,3,11-dimethoxy- 17-methoxime, (3α,5α,11β) were detected by GC/MS. IC50 for stigmasterol, phytol, α-Santonin, Ergosta-14,22-don-3-ol,(3β.5α,22) extracted from Dysidea spp were 67.21 – 103.03 µg/ml in KB cell line and 38.09- 81.18 µg/ml in Hek293 cell line. The results showed phytol extracted from Dysidea spp was active against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis (MBC 200- 300 µg/ml) and Gram-negetive bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi (MBC 1000- 2000 µg/ml). The results of this research project show that by performing additional testing, isolating and purifying compounds with biological effects, an effective step can be taken to extract natural compounds in order to produce drugs, cosmetic products, and food.