Envíos recientes

  • Harmful Algal Blooms. A scientific Summary for Policy Makers.

    Kudela, R.M.; Berdalet, E.; Bernard, S.; Burford, M.; Fernand, L.; Lu, S.; Roy, S.; Tester, P.; Usup, G.; Magnien, R.; et al. (UNESCO-IOC, 2015)
    • Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) result from noxious and/or toxic algae that cause direct and indirect negative impacts to aquatic ecosystems, coastal resources, and human health. • HABs are present in nearly all aquatic environments (freshwater, brackish and marine), as naturally occurring phenomena. • Many HABs are increasing in severity and frequency, and biogeographical range. Causes are complex, but in some cases can be attributed to climate change and human impacts, including eutrophication, habitat modification, and human- mediated introduction of exogenous species. • There is no plan, and nor realistic possibility, to eliminate HABs and/or their depend-ent consequences. Decades of research and monitoring have, however, improved our understanding of HAB events, leading to better monitoring and prediction strate-gies. • HABs are a worldwide phenomenon requiring an international understanding leading ultimately to local and regional solutions. Continued progress in research, management, mitigation, and prediction of HABs benefits from international coordination. In this spirit, the international community has developed programmes sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) to coordinate international HAB research, framework activities, and capacity building. • HABs are recognized as one facet of complex ecosystem interactions with human society. HAB research, monitoring, and management must be closely integrated with policy decisions that affect our global oceans. • New initiatives, such as GlobalHAB sponsored by IOC and SCOR, will continue to provide the mechanisms to further understand, predict, and mitigate HABs. Research, management, and mitigation efforts directed towards HABs must be coordinated with other local, national, and international efforts focused on food and water security, human and ecosystem health, ocean observing systems, and climate change.
  • Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, HABs in Eutrophic Systems.

    Glibert, P.M. (IOCSCOR, 2006)
    Nutrient enrichment of both land and water is a result of increased human population growth and many associated activities for food and energy production, and discharge of associated sewage and waste. The end result of nutrient loading to inland and coastal waters is often an increase in algal biomass, frequently dominated by one or more species or species groups; this process is eutrophication. An important consequence of eutrophication is the increased prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) that develop high biomass, cause fish kills, intoxicate seafood, result in oxygen depletion, and alter trophic interactions. Nutrient enrichment can stimulate HABs not only directly by stimulation of growth and biomass, but indirectly in subtle, but nevertheless significant, ways through alterations in food web and ecosystem dynamics. The interactions of these alterations on HAB proliferation is only beginning to be understood.
  • Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, Implementation Plan.

    Gentian, P.; Pitcher, G.; Cembella, A.; Glibert, P. (IOC and SCOR, 2003)
    This document describes a Implementation Plan reviewed and approved by the Scientific Commission on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of the U.N. Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
  • GEOHAB Core Research Project

    Figueiras, F.; Moita, T.; Pitcher, G.; Trainer, V.; Kudela, R.; Probyn, T. (IOC and SCOR, 2005)
    Based on contributions by participants of the GEOHAB Open Scence Meeting on HABS in Upwelling Systems and the GEOHAB Scientific Steering Committee.
  • Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, Science Plan

    Glibert, P.; Pitcher, G. (IOC and SCOR, 2001)
    This document describes a Science Plan reviewed and approved by the Scientific Commission on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of the U.N. Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)