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Terremotos tsunamigénicos en el Ecuador

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Author
Espinoza, J.
Date
1992

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Abstract
Se analizan datos de los sísmos ocurridos en el Ecuador desde 1901 a 1981 que aparecen principalmente en el Catálogo CERESIS. Ciento veinticinco sísmos de magnitud Ms>4, se han producido en la plataforma y en el continente, el 65% de todos los hepicentros fueron superficiales, es decir, que se produjeron a profundidades menores de 70 Km: las profundidades hipocentrales menores a 50 Km., se ubican preferentemente en la región de la plataforma submarina y sus magnitudes varían entre 6.5 y 8.7 en la escala de Richer. Cinco símos generaron tsunamis en los años 1906, 1933, 1953, 1958 y 1979. Se encontró que los daños ocurridos en las costas ecuatorianas han sido mínimos debido a su poco desarrollo hasta 1960, o debido a otros factores como la ocurrencia del fenómeno en marea baja como en 1979, o a que las poblaciones con peligro potencial, tienen protecciones naturales al encontrarse ubicadas en el interior de canales, como en el caso de las poblaciones al norte de la Provincia de Esmeraldas. La amenaza de futuros tsunamis es real y permanente, como consecuencia del constante movimiento diferencial de las placas que forman la fosa o trinchera, por lo que es necesario planificar el desarrollo de la zona costera, de tal manera que se pueda minimizar los efectos en las poblaciones y sus habitantes.
Earthquakes data of Ecuador between 1901 to 1981 from CERESIS Catalogue have been analyzed. 125 earthquakes of magnitude Ms>4, took place either on the continental shelf or the continent; 65% of all hypocenter are shallow, with depth up to 70 Km. The hepycenters of depth up to 50 Km., are mainly located on the submarine shelf, and the magnitude is ranking from 6.5 to 8.5 Richter. Five tsunamis have been generated, they ocurred in 1906, 1933, 1953, 1958 and 1979. Few damages on the ecuadorian's coast have ocurred because the little development up to 1960's decade, or because the level of the tide was at its lowest at that time, similar to 1979, another factor is the natural proteccion of the coastal villages because they are into the channels, especially to the north of Esmeraldas Province. Treat of futures tsunamis is real and permanent, because of the continue diferential movement of the plates, so it is necessary a coastal development planning in order to diminish the threat for either the villages and the people.
Journal
Acta Oceanográfica del Pacífico
Volume
7
Issue/Article Nr
1
Publisher or University
Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2181
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Acta Oceanográfica del Pacífico

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