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Temperaturas letales y temperatura óptima para crecimiento en una población de almeja mano de león (Nodipecten subnodosus Sowerby, 1835)

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Author
González, F.
Date
2003

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Abstract
En el presente estudio se establecieron los intervalos de resistencia y tolerancia térmica, así como la temperatura óptima para el crecimiento de la almeja mano de león (Nodipecten subnodosus). Juveniles de 7.29 + 0.42 mm de altura, fueron aclimatados a diferentes temperaturas (15, 18, 22, 26 y 30˚C) y alimentados con una mezcla 1:1 de Isochrysis galbana y Chaetoceros calcitrans a una concentración de 12x106 cél/org/día. Posteriormente se estimó la temperatura letal media superior (TLMs) e inferior (TLMi) a través del método de TLM96 de Rand y Petrocelli (1985), y la temperatura letal incipiente superior (TLIs) e inferior (TLIi) incrementado o disminuyendo la temperatura 1 °C/día a partir de las temperaturas de aclimatación, hasta alcanzar el 100% de mortalidad. También se determinó la temperatura óptima para el crecimiento estimándoles el balance energético (BE), la eficiencia de irrigación (EI) y el crecimiento (C). Para BE se midieron la tasa de ingestión (TI), aclaramiento (TA), respiración (TR), excreción de desechos nitrogenados (TU) y excreción de heces (TH). La EI se calculó dividiendo la TA/TR y el crecimiento se evaluó por el incremento en talla y peso seco de tejidos durante un periodo de 40 días. Los resultados muestran una TLMs entre 27.8 + 0.6˚C y 32.9 + 0.5˚C a 15 y 30˚C de aclimatación. La TLMi varío entre menor que 0.0 + 0.0˚C a 15˚C de aclimatación y 12.5 + 0.0˚C a 30˚C de aclimatación respectivamente. Los resultados de TLIs indican que la almeja mano de león tolera hasta 32°C independientemente de la temperatura de aclimatación. La TLIi, no se alcanzó a la temperatura de exposición probada mas baja (3°C). La TI y TA fueron máximos a 22 y 26˚C con valores de 9.7 + 1.6 mg/g/h y 6.7 + 1.4 L/g/h respectivamente, mientras que TR, TU y TH, variaron directamente proporcional al incremento de la temperatura, con valores máximos de 4.5 + 0.5 mLO2/g/h, 91.4 + 30.1 µgNH4/g/h y 4.74 + 0.23 mg/g/h respectivamente a 26 y 30˚C. Cuando estas tasas se integraron en la ecuación de BE, se encontró que este fue positivo en todas las temperaturas a excepción de la temperatura de 30˚C y se obtuvo un valor máximo de 96.3 + 28.4 J/g/h a 22˚C. De manera similar los valores máximos de EI (1.51 L/mLO2), crecimiento en talla (10.17mm) y en peso seco de tejido (84.8 mg), fueron máximos a las temperaturas de 26 y 22˚C. Estos resultados indican una correlación positiva entre los indicadores fisiológicos y el crecimiento y que la temperatura óptima en esta especie es de 22˚C.
In this study, the range of thermal resistance and tolerance of the lions paw scallop (Nodipecten subnodosus) was established, as well as the optimum temperature for growth. Scallop seeds of about 7.29 + 0.42 mm, were acclimated at 15, to water at 18, 22, 26, and 30°C, and were fed a 1:1 mixture of the algae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans at a concentration of 12x106 cells/specimen/day. The upper and lower lethal medium temperatures (TLMu and TLM l) were estimated through the TLM96 method of Rand and Petrocelli (1985). The upper lethal incipient temperature (TLIu) and the lower one (TLIl) were evaluated, increasing or decreasing at a rate of 1°C/day, starting at one of the four acclimatizing temperatures until 100% mortality occurred. Also, the optimun temperature for growth was determined, estimating budget energy (BE), irrigation eficiency (EI), and growth (G). Ingestion rate (RI), clearance (RC), breathing (RB), excretion of nitrogen wastes (RU), and feces excretion (RF) were estimated. Growth was evaluated by measuring the shell height increase and tissues dry weigth over 40 days. The results show a TLMu located between 27.8 + 0.6°C and 32.9 + 0.5°C corresponding to the acclimatation temperatures of 15°C and 30°C, respectively. The TLMl varied between 0.0 + 0.0°C at 15°C acclimatation temperature and 12.5 + 0.0°C at 30°C. The results of TLIu indicate that the lions paw scallop is able to tolerate up to 32°C independent of the acclimatation temperature. The TLIl, was not found despite the specimens being exposed to 3°C. The RI and RC displayed their maximun point at 22 and 26°C, showing 9.7 + 1.6 mg/g/h and 6.7 + 1.4 L/g/h, respectively. While the RB, RU, and RF showed a direct correlation with temperature increase, their maximun values were 4.5 + 0.5 mLO2/g/h, 91.4 + 30.1 µgNH4/g/h and 4.74 + 0.23 mg/g/h, respectively. These rates were integrated into the equation of budget energy, where the BE was positive at all temperatures except 30°C, and its maximun value was 96.3 + 28.4 J/g/h at 22°C. The same temperature relations occured with values of EI, height shell growth, and tissue dry weight, but showed maximun values at 26 and 22°C (1.51 L/mLO2, 10.17 mm, and 84.8 mg, respectively). The results of this study suggest a positive correlation between physiology indicators and growth, and support findings that the optimun temperature for raising the lions paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus is 22°C.
Pages
90
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3425
Collections
1. Tesis de Maestría y Doctorado

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