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Toxicidad de residuales líquidos de un central azucarero sobre la langosta espinosa Panulirus argus, Latreille, 1804
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Date
2010
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1 The waste waters of the sugar industry, have constituted the main organic focuses of pollution of the Cuban coastal waters, during the years 1958 to 1991 worked around 160 sugar mill factories with a production average between 3,5 and 8,0 million metric ton sugar cane. During the last years this industry sensibly diminished its activity being considered the production of residual in 70 %, only working 25 % of the factories installed in Cuba, implying certain reduction of the sea impact. This report tries to interpret by means of toxicity bioassays the effects of waste waters of this industry on the survival of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. Being that the values of LC50 were of 6,7; 5,6; 3,2 and 2,7 % for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h to the contact of lobsters with liquid water with continuous aeration, resembling to a natural coastal water, concluding that the lobsters are susceptible to the harmful effects of the unloading of the sugar mills, from concentrations of the 0,5 % in 7 h of contact, still stressing itself that quality of coastal waters, receiving end of all type of residual, from the point of view of fisheries must carefully be watched to avoid reductions to the production of this fishing resources.Los residuales de la industria azucarera, han constituido los principales focos de contaminación orgánica de las aguas de la plataforma cubana, en el período 1958-1991 funcionaron alrededor de 160 centrales azucareros con una producción promedio entre 3,5-8,0 millones de TM. Durante los últimos años esta industria disminuyó sensiblemente su actividad estimándose la producción de residuales en 70 %, funcionando solamente 25 % de los centrales instalados en Cuba, implicando cierta reducción del impacto. Este trabajo trata de interpretar mediante bioensayos de toxicidad los efectos de las aguas negras de esta industria sobre la supervivencia de la langosta espinosa Panulirus argus. Encontrándose que los valores de LC50 fueron de 6,7; 5,6; 3,2 y 2,7 % para 24, 48, 72 y 96 h al contacto de langostas con agua residual con aireación continua, semejando a un agua costera natural, concluyéndose que la langosta es susceptible a los efectos dañinos de las descargas de los centrales, aún desde concentraciones de 0,5 % en 7 h de contacto, recalcándose que la calidad de las aguas costeras, receptor final de todo tipo de residual, desde el punto de vista de las pesquerías debe ser cuidadosamente vigilada para evitar descensos a la producción de este recurso pesquero.
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