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Aislamiento de Microsatélites y flujo Genético en Dosidicus Gigas (D'Orbigny, 1835) entre el Golfo de California y La Costa Occidental de La Península de Baja California, México

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Tesis completa en PDF.
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Author
Millán, A.M.
Date
2010

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Abstract
El calamar gigante, Dosidicus gigas (D'Orbigny, 1835) es una especie semioceánica y nerítica endémica del Pacífico Oriental, distribuida desde el norte de California E.U.A (43º N) hasta el sur de Chile (20°S), incluyendo el Golfo de California. Habita aguas desde la superficie hasta 1000 metros de profundad. Particularmente dentro del Golfo de California (México), es considerado uno de los recursos pesqueros más importantes, sin embargo el manejo de la pesquería de éste cefalópodo enfrenta varias dificultades entre las que se encuentran: un corto ciclo de vida, tasa de crecimiento desigual y falta de caracteres morfométricos y/o merísticos debido a la extrema plasticidad morfológica. Con el fin de determinar si existe estructura genética poblacional en D. gigas, se aislaron y caracterizaron 10 microsatélites mediante una librería genómica enriquecida. La mayoría de éstos loci presentaron una baja amplificación y un déficit de heterocigotos atribuido a la alta frecuencia de alelos nulos. Finalmente se usaron cinco loci para determinar la variabilidad intraespecífica en tres localidades dentro del Golfo de California y dos en la costa occidental de la península de California durante diferentes años (2005 y 2008). La prueba de FST pareado dió como resultado que los individuos de D. gigas dentro del Golfo de California y en la costa oeste de la península de Baja California pertenecen a la misma población. No hay relación entre la distancia geográfica y la genética (Prueba de Mantel) y la mayor variabilidad esta relacionada con la temporalidad, apoyada por un análisis de varianza molecular (AMOVA) entre grupos de diferentes años (2005 y 2008).
The jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas (D'Orbigny, 1835) is a neritic and semioceanic species endemic from the eastern Pacific, ranging from north California, U.S.A (43ºN) to south Chile (40ºS) including the Gulf of California, inhabiting from the surface, down to 1000 meters depth. Particularly in the Gulf of California, is highly exploited where it’s considered one of the most important natural resources of the area. The management of this fishery faces many problems associated with the biology of the species as short life cycle, uneven growth rates and the lack of morphometric and/or meristic characters due to extreme plasticity, makes the studies neither accurate nor consistent. To assess the genetic structure of D. gigas 10 microsatellites were isolated and characterized, through an enriched genomic library. Most of the loci exhibited low amplification yield and heterocigosity deficit due to a high null allele frequency. Finally five loci were used to evaluate the intraspecific variability in tree localities in the Gulf and two in the west coast of the peninsula of California, from different years (2005 and 2008). FST paired test points that D.gigas in the sampled area is conformed by a single population, and there is no relationship between the geographic and genetic distance (Mantel test), the highest variability is temporal as indicated by the AMOVA between groups of different years.
Pages
79
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3657
Collections
1. Tesis de Maestría y Doctorado

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