Caracterización fisicoquímica de aguas y sedimentos en puerto de carga de la bahía de Cartagena, Colombia.
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Author
Sánchez Catalán, F.Mayo Mancebo, Gisela
Rivero Hernández, J.P.
Mercado Pérez, J.P.
Johnson, Restrepo B.
Corporate Author
Dirección General MarítimaDate
2020Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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Physicochemical characterization of water and sediments in loading port of the bay of Cartagena, Colombia.Abstract
La bahía de Cartagena es una de las más importantes de Colombia, tanto desde el punto de vista turístico como industrial; su explotación intensiva la ha convertido en una de las más contaminadas del país, reportándose presencia de contaminantes de diversa naturaleza. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una caracterización fisicoquímica de las aguas y sedimentos de un puerto de carga de esta Bahía. Se determinaron los siguientes parámetros: hidrocarburos disueltos y dispersos, mercurio total, sólidos suspendidos totales, pH, nutrientes (nitritos y fosfatos), salinidad, oxígeno disuelto, temperatura, turbidez y sólidos disueltos. Las muestras fueron tomadas en 9 puntos, en la superficie, a 10 m y en el fondo marino y fueron analizadas en el laboratorio del Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficos e hidrográficos del caribe y en la Universidad de Cartagena (CIOH). Los resultados mostraron presencia de hidrocarburos disueltos y dispersos detectando valores entre 4.51 μg/L y 18.04 μg/L en las aguas del mismo puerto de carga, mientras que en puntos de muestreo distantes al puerto no se encontró presencia de hidrocarburos. Los resultados de mercurio total oscilaron entre 109 μg/Kg y 288 μg/Kg peso seco, con un valor de mediana de 169 μg/Kg y una media de 183.33 ± 55.41 μg/Kg, los cuales estuvieron por encima de las normativas de Estados Unidos y Canadá. Sin embargo, parámetros como temperatura, salinidad y nutrientes estuvieron por debajo de lo normado en el decreto colombiano. Lo anterior confirma que la zona del puerto de carga estudiado en la bahía de Cartagena como un área muy contaminada, sugiriéndose realizar estudios de otros metales pesados como plomo, cromo, cadmio y de carbón total, debido a la contaminación que se ha observado por las malas prácticas de lavado de la plataforma por el personal del puerto.Cartagena bay is one of the most important bays in Colombia both from tourist and industrial point of view. Its intensive exploitation has made it one of the most polluted in the country, reporting the presence of different types of pollutants. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to carry out a physicochemical characterization of water and sediment at the loading port of Cartagena Bay. The physicochemical parameters were determined such as dissolved/dispersed hydrocarbons, total mercury (Hg) concentration, total suspended solids, pH, concentration of nutrients (nitrites and phosphates), salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity and total dissolved solids. The water samples were collected from the selected nine locations (P1–P9), on the surface, at 10 meters of depth, and on the seabed. All samples were analyzed at the Caribbean Oceanographic - CIOH and Hydrographic Research Center and the University of Cartagena. The results obtained in the physicochemical analysis revealed the presence of dissolved and dispersed hydrocarbons in the water samples of the loading port, values ranged between 4.51 and 18.04 μg/L, while no hydrocarbon presence was found in sampling points collected distant from the port. Results showed that total Hg concentration ranged between 109 and 288 μg/Kg dry weight, a median value of 169 μg/Kg and a mean of 183.33 ± 55.41 μg/Kg which were above the regulations of the United States and Canada. However, parameters such as temperature, salinity and nutrients were below those permissible by Colombian law. The conducted research revealed that the loading port studied in Cartagena bay as a highly polluted area. Studies of other heavy metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium and total carbon have also been sugested due to lacking of regular cleaning or bad practices washing of the platform by port staff.
Journal
Boletín Científico CIOHVolume
39Issue/Article Nr
2Page Range
pp. 41-50Resource/Dataset Location
https://ojs.dimar.mil.co/index.php/CIOH/article/view/505ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.26640/22159045.2020.505
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