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Emisión de metano y óxido nitroso de los sedimentos de manglar de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano

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Author
Betancourt Portela, Julián Mauricio
Parra, Juan Pablo
Villamil, Carlos
Date
2013

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Alternative Title
Methane and nitrous oxide emission of mangrove sediments at the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean
Abstract
En Colombia existe muy poca información sobre la función de los manglares en relación con los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), sus tasas de liberación bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales o su papel en el ciclo global del carbono. Por tales razones, en este estudio se evaluaron los flujos de CH4 y N2O, en cuatro sectores de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) con diferentes grados de conservación de sus bosques de mangle, para determinar su función como fuente o sumidero de GEI. Los flujos se midieron por el método de cámaras estáticas y mostraron variaciones entre 34.7-1179.7 y nd-31569.2 μg.m-2.h-1 para el N2O y CH4 respectivamente, demostrando que los sedimentos de manglar de la CGSM son una fuente neta de estos gases; además fueron de la misma magnitud de los registros a nivel mundial en manglares sujetos a descargas residuales. El análisis estadístico mostró diferencias entre sectores y no entre épocas climáticas. Las emisiones de N2O más altas correspondieron al sector Aguas Negras (AN, 847.3 ± 265.7 μg.m-2.h-1), localidad en proceso de regeneración natural pero con influencia directa del río Magdalena y en Caño Dragado (CD, 438.7 ± 235.3 μg.m-2.h-1); y las menores a los sitios en recuperación Caño Grande (CG) y Rinconada (RIN) (104.7 ± 49.4 y 152.1 ± 36.0 μg.m-2.h-1, respectivamente). La emisión más alta de CH4 se registró en los sectores en recuperación: CG y AN (9573.4 ± 8623.8 y 4328.2 ± 7569.5 μg.m-2.h-1, respectivamente). En términos de CO2-equivalente, la emisión de N2O representó más del 50% del total, situación que ha sido documentada para sistemas agrícolas y se constituye en evidencia del deterioro de CD. Un análisis de correlación con los factores ambientales mostró que las emisiones de N2O presentan una variación inversa con la salinidad y positiva con los nitritos, lo que sugiere que su producción se da básicamente por vía de nitrificación. Finalmente, una estimación gruesa de la emisión por hectárea indicó que, dependiendo del estado de conservación o deterioro del manglar, las emisiones pueden variar de 10.2 a 27.1 tCO2-eq.ha-1.a-1.
In Colombia there is little information on the role of mangroves in relation to greenhouse gases (GHG), their release rates under different environmental conditions, or their role in the global carbon cycle. For these reasons, in this study we evaluated the fluxes of CH 4 and N 2 O, in four sectors of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) with different degrees of conservation of mangrove forests, to determine their role as a source or sink of GHG. The fluxes were measured by the method of the static chambers and showed variations between 34.7-1179.7 and nd-31569.2 μg.m -2 .h -1 for N 2 O and CH 4 , respectively, showing that mangrove sediments of CGSM are a net source of GHG, and furthermore are of the same magnitude as levels recorded world-wide in mangroves subjected to sewage input. Statistical analyses showed differences between sectors but not between climatic periods. N 2 O emissions were highest in the Agua Negras station (AN, 847.3 ± 265.7 μg.m -2 .h -1 ), a locality in the process of natural regeneration with a direct influence from the Magdalena River and in Caño Dragado (CD, 438.7 ± 235.3 μg.m -2 .h -1 ); while emissions were lower in the recovery sites Caño Grande (CG) and Rinconada (RIN), (104.7 ± 49.4 and 152.1 ± 36.0 μ g.m -2 .h- 1 , respectively). The highest CH 4 emission was recorded in recovery sectors: CG and AN (9573.4 ± 8623.8 and 4328.2 ± 7569.5 μg.m -2 .h -1 , respectively). In terms of CO 2 -equivalent, N 2 O emissions account for over 50% of the total, and this has been documented for agricultural systems and constitutes evidence of deterioration of CD. A correlation analysis with environmental factors showed that N 2 O emissions vary inversely with salinity and positively with nitrites, suggesting production mainly via nitrification. Finally, a coarse estimation of GHG emissions per hectare indicated that, depending on the state of conservation or deterioration of the mangrove, emissions can vary from 10.2 to 27.1 tCO 2 -eq.ha -1 .a -1 .
Journal
Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
Volume
42
Issue/Article Nr
1
Page Range
pp.131-152
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/6725
Collections
SPINCAM Publications (Colombia)

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