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Relaciones filogéneticas de algunas colonias de alimentación y anidación de la tortuga carey (Eretmochelys imbricata) en el Pacífico y Caribe colombiano.

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Author
Trujillo Arias, Natalia
Amorocho, Diego F.
López Álvares, Diana
Mejía Ladino, Luz M.
Date
2014

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Alternative Title
Phylogeographic relations of some feeding and nesting of hawksbill turtle rookeries (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Caribbean and Pacific of Colombia.
Abstract
La tortuga marina Eretmochelys imbricata habita en aguas tropicales de todos los océanos. La especie está considerada en peligro crítico de extinción por la IUCN y sus poblaciones se encuentran afectadas por el tráfico internacional de los escudos de su caparazón. La presente investigación es pionera en Colombia y en el océano Pacífico oriental tropical, ya que por medio de la amplificación de secuencias de la región control del ADNmt se caracterizaron genéticamente las poblaciones de la especie localizadas en: 1) Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, 2) Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo y 3) Cabo de la Vela (La Guajira). Se encontraron dos haplotipos nuevos para el Pacífico oriental, aunque los índices de diversidad fueron bajos (h: 0.2857 ± 0.1964; π: 0.0009 ± 0.0008). Para la población de Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo se encontraron cinco haplotipos e índices de diversidad altos (h: 0.9333 ± 0.1217; π: 0.0089 ± 0.0056). Finalmente, la población del Cabo de la Vela presentó índices de diversidad relativamente altos (h: 0.6429 ± 0.0539; π: 0.0076 ± 0.0041). Los análisis de distancia genética no revelaron diferenciación significativa entre las colonias del Caribe colombiano (Φst = 0.002, p > 0.05; Fst = 0.083, p > 0.05); sin embargo, sí se encontró diferenciación entre la colonia anidante del Cabo de la Vela y ocho colonias anidantes en el mar Caribe, lo cual es un patrón característico de la estructura genética a escala global de las tortugas marinas. Por medio de los análisis filogeográficos se observó una profunda división entre el océano Atlántico y la región Pacífico-Índica. Para el filogrupo del Atlántico no se observó una agrupación clara entre los haplotipos, mientras que para el filogrupo del Pacífico-Índico se observó una posible distribución de aislamiento por distancia. El tiempo de divergencia registrado en este estudio entre los linajes del Atlántico y Pacífico-Índico sugiere una separación que pudo haber ocurrido entre el Plioceno y el Pleistoceno (7 Ma), posiblemente influenciada por el levantamiento del istmo de Panamá.
Phylogeographic relations of some feeding and nesting of hawksbill turtle rookeries ( Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Caribbean and Pacific of Colombia.The sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata inhabits tropical waters of all oceans. IUCN considers this species to be critically endangered and its populations are affected by illegal international shell traffic. We present a pioneer research for Colombia and the Tropical Eastern Pacific, since populations located in 1) Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, 2) Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo, and 3) Cabo de la Vela (Guajira) were genetically characterized using mtDNA control region sequences. Two new haplotypes for the Eastern Pacific were found, although with low diversity indexes (h: 0.2857 ± 0.1964; π: 0.0009 ± 0.0008). Five haplotypes were found for Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo’s populations, with high diversity indexes (h: 0.9333 ± 0.1217; π: 0.0089 ± 0.0056). Finally, Cabo de la Vela population presented relatively high diversity indexes (h: 0.6429 ± 0.0539; π: 0.0076 ± 0.0041). The genetic distance analysis revealed no significant differentiation between the Colombian Caribbean rookeries ( Φ st = 0.002, p > 0.05; Fst = 0.083, p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found between Cabo de la Vela nesting rookery and eight nesting rookeries along the Caribbean Sea, which is a genetic pattern characteristic of sea turtles on a global scale. Our phylogeographic analysis revealed a deep split between the Atlantic and the Pacific-Indian Ocean. For Atlantic phylogroup no clear clustering between haplotypes was perceived, while in the Pacific-Indian phylogroup a possible distribution of isolation by distance was observed. The divergence time reported in this study between the Atlantic and Pacific-Indian lineages suggests a separation that may have occurred between the Pliocene and Pleistocene (7 Ma), possibly influenced by the rise of the Panama Isthmus
Journal
Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
Volume
43
Issue/Article Nr
1
Page Range
pp.159-182
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/6758
Collections
SPINCAM Publications (Colombia)

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