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Cobertura de los fondos y paisajes bentónicos asociados a formaciones diapíricas en los bancos de salmedina, Plataforma Continental del Caribe colombiano.

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Author
Domínguez, Juan Gabriel
Gómez, Juan Carlos
Ricaurte, Constanza
Mayo, Gisela
Orejarena, Jaime
Díaz, Juan Manuel
Andrade, Carlos Alberto
Date
2010

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Alternative Title
Seafloor coverage and benthic landscapes associated to diapiric (mud volcanism) formations in Salmedina Banks, Colombian Caribbean continental shelf.
Abstract
Se determinaron las unidades ecológicas submarinas alrededor de un volcán activo de lodo en los bancos de Salmedina, Caribe colombiano, y se cartografiaron mediante video-transectos submarinos georreferenciados, análisis de la batimetría e interpretación de imágenes satelitales. Se describen la distribución, la cobertura relativa y los organismos bentónicos sésiles más representativos de las diferentes unidades ecológicas. La zona somera (0-10 m) de los bancos presenta 60 % de cobertura algal y 10 % de coral vivo; en las zonas más profundas (<10 m) la cobertura de coral vivo varía entre 33 % en los cantiles semiverticales y 55 % en las cimas de los bancos menos elevados; las especies de coral dominantes fueron Siderastrea siderea y Montastraea annularis en todos los sectores. Los bancos de Salmedina reciben la influencia cada vez mayor de plumas turbias que probablemente han aumentado la sedimentación, y las comunidades biológicas se ven posiblemente afectadas por el empleo de explosivos para la pesca. Aunque la zona más somera del banco Salmedina es la que evidencia mayor afectación, las comunidades coralinas más profundas aún mantienen una cobertura viva significativa en comparación con otras zonas similares en la región. La actividad diapírica reciente con emanaciones constantes de lodo es determinante en la estructura de la comunidad coralina en el sector occidental.
The submarine ecological units around an active mud volcano in the offshore banks of Salmedina, Colombian Caribbean, were determined and mapped employing geo-referenced submarine video-transects, bathymetry analysis, and interpretation of satellite imagery. Distribution, relative cover, and the most representative benthic, sessile organisms of the different ecological units are described. In the shallow zone of the banks, 60 % of th118 Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - Vol. 39 (1) - 2010 substrate was covered by algae and only 10 % by living corals. The relative cover of living corals in deeper zones increased to 33 % in semi vertical slopes and up to 55 % on the upper flats of deeper located banks. The dominant coral species overall were Siderastrea siderea and Montastraea annularis . A determining natural factor in the reef structure in the zone seems to be recent diapiric activity, with a constant mud emanation in the western sector. The Banks of Salmedina are under the influence of turbid plumes that seemingly increase sedimentation and are impacted by blast fishing as well. Although the shallowest zone of the bank shows the highest affectation, the coral community in the deeper zones still exhibit a noticeable cover of living coral, even higher than in other areas in the region with similar features. The recent diapiric activity of constant mud ejection determines the coral community structure in the western sector.
Journal
Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
Volume
39
Issue/Article Nr
1
Page Range
pp.117-135
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/6764
Collections
SPINCAM Publications (Colombia)

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