Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas And Fisheries Reserves

Abstract

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are defined as “Any area of the littoral or subtidal terrain, together with its overlying water and associated flora, fauna, historical and cultural features, which has been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment” (Kelleher and Kenchington, 1992). This definition includes intertidal reserves, as well as areas for the protection of shipwrecks and archaeological remains. Marine protected areas are designated to conserve the diversity of life according to the three aspects of Biodiversity: ecosystems diversity (habitats and species), species richness and genetic diversity. Also MPAs play a key role in promoting sustainable development. They are designed to enhance the sustainable use of marine resources and to promote local economic activities (such as sustainable fisheries practices) within the boundaries of social realities. Moreover MPAs are used for education and research, as well as for recreation and tourism purposes. Therefore MPAs can be described as multiple objective tools designed to accomplish conservation objectives and to promote sustainable development (considering social and economic aspects).