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Aventuras y desventuras en Macondo: Rehabilitación de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia

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AVENTURAS Y DESVENTURAS EN MACONDO ...
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Author
Rivera Monroy, Victor
Twilley, Robert R.
Mancera, Ernesto
Alcantara Eguren, Ariel
Castañeda Moya, Edward
Casas Monroy, Oscar
Reyes, Paola
Restrepo, Jorge
Perdomo, Laura Victoria
Campos, Elizabeth
Cotes, Gustavo
Viloria, Efraín
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Date
2006

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Abstract
Se presenta el estado de cambio (1992-2000) de indicadores ecológicos seleccionados como medidas de éxito del proyecto de rehabilitación de bosques de manglar en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), Colombia, en respuesta a cambios hidrológicos iniciados en 1995. Existe una reducción significativa de la salinidad del agua y del suelo en todas las estaciones de muestreo como resultado de la reconexión hidráulica de los caños Clarín y Aguas Negras con el Río Magdalena. La salinidad del agua intersticial del suelo (profundidad 0,5 m) (7 estaciones) y de la columna de agua (0,5 m) (10 estaciones) se redujo (suelo <30 g kg-1; agua <10 g kg-1) significativamente de 1994 al 2000. Durante 1994 los valores de salinidad del agua intersticial del suelo fluctuaron entre 40 g kg-1 (Rinconada) y 100 g kg-1 (KM 13), mientras que la salinidad en la columna de agua fluctuó entre 25-35 g kg-1 para la mayoría de las estaciones muestreadas. Esta reducción de la salinidad facilitó la regeneración del bosque de manglar con una ganancia neta de 99 km2 de 1995 a 1999. La alta precipitación registrada en los años 1995 y 1999 como resultado del fenómeno El Niño-La Niña (ENSO), y coincidente con la apertura de los caños, influyó significativamente en la rápida regeneración del bosque de manglar. La falta de inversión económica para el mantenimiento de las obras hidráulicas a partir de 2001 y hasta 2004 causó un incremento gradual de la salinidad y el deterioro de la vegetación regenerada. Se requiere de un esfuerzo internacional y del Gobierno Colombiano para mantener en forma sostenida los beneficios sociales y económicos estratégicos alcanzados hasta 2000 en la región de la CGSM.
We describe trajectories of selected ecological indicators used as performance measures to evaluate the success of a mangrove rehabilitation project in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) Delta-Lagoon complex, Colombia, as result of freshwater diversions initiated in 1995. There is a significant reduction in soil and water column salinity in all sampling stations follo wing the hydraulic reconnection of the Clarín and Aguas Negras channels to the Magdalena River. Soil intersticial water salinity (depth: 0.5 m) (7 stations) and water column salinity (0.5 m) (10 stations) values declined significantly (soil <30 g kg -1 ; water <10 g kg -1 ) from 1994 to 2000. During 1994 soil interstitial water salinity ranged from 40 g kg -1 (Rinconada) to 100 g kg -1 (KM 13), while water column salinity fluctuated between 25-35 g kg -1 for most of the sampling stations. This salinity reduction increased mangrove forest regeneration promoting a net gain of 99 km 2 from 1995 to 1999. The high precipitation recorded in 1995 and 1999 caused by El Niño-La Niña (ENSO), coinciding with the channels rehabilitation, influenced rapid mangrove regeneration. The lack of economic investment in the maintenance of the diversion structures from 2001 to 2004 caused a salinity increase affecting negatively already restored vegetation. A sustainable effort from the international community and t he Colombian government is needed to maintain the strategic social and economic benefits reached until 2000 in the CGSM region
Journal
Ecotropicos
Volume
19
Issue/Article Nr
2
Page Range
pp.72-93
Resource/Dataset Location
http://www.saber.ula.ve/bitstream/123456789/25595/1/articulo2.pdf
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/8284
Collections
SPINCAM Publications (Colombia)

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