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Aspectos poblacionales y ecológicos de peces demersales de la zona norte del Caribe colombiano en relación con el hábitat: una herramienta para identificar áreas marinas protegidas (.AMPs) para el manejo pesquero

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Author
Paramo, Jorge
Guillot Illidge, Lia
Rodríguez, Alfredo
Date
2009

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Alternative Title
Poblational and ecological aspects of demersal fi shes in north zone of Colombian Caribbean in relationship with habitat: a tool for identify marine protected areas (mpas) to fi sheries management
Abstract
Las pesquerías marino-costeras están bajo amenaza de colapso debido al incremento del esfuerzo pesquero y los impactos antropogénicos que directa e indirectamente degradan el hábitat y los sistemas ecológicos de los cuales depende la actividad pesquera. La pesca acompañante (bycatch) y los descartes globales equivalen a un tercio (1/3) de la biomasa total desembarcada. Particularmente, el bycatch de la pesca de arrastre de camarón en aguas tropicales representa el 27 % de todos los descartes globales, lo cual para el manejo de las pesquerías es un serio problema ecológico. Por lo tanto, hay una necesidad de medidas de manejo adicionales a las usadas tradicionalmente, que contribuyan a proteger los recursos pesqueros y mejorar la producción pesquera. Las Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMPs) han emergido como una herramienta para la conservación marina y el manejo de pesquerías. El propósito del trabajo es identifi car potenciales AMPs para el manejo de los recursos pesqueros demersales mediante un análisis de la relación entre la distribución espacial de aspectos poblacionales y ecológicos de estos recursos en la zona norte del Caribe colombiano con las características del hábitat (temperatura, salinidad, profundidad, tipo de sedimento). Se estableció la relación de la estructura poblacional de los peces demersales con las condiciones del hábitat, que resultó importante cuando se quiere identifi car AMPs como una herramienta de manejo pesquero sostenible bajo un enfoque ecosistémico. Mediante modelación espacial se calculó el área de distribución espacial de los peces demersales (5805.8 km2) y de ésta, los juveniles se encontraron entre Dibulla y el Río Buritaca en un área de 393.1 km2 y en La Guajira se encontró el área de mayor diversidad 297.0 km2, las cuales representan un 11.9 % del área de distribución espacial de los peces demersales. Se plantea la implementación de Áreas Marinas Protegidas de Múltiples Usos (AMP-MU) en estos sectores, es decir, hacer uso limitado de los recursos pesqueros con un sistema de manejo sostenible con la participación activa de los pescadores.
The coastal marine fi sheries are threatened with collapse due to the increase of the fi shing effort and the anthropogenic impacts that directly and indirectly degrade the habitat and the ecological systems of which the fi shing activity depends. The bycatch and discard are equal to one third (1/3) of the total landings of biomass. Particularly, the bycatch of the shrimp trawl fi shery in tropical waters represents 27% of global discard, which is a serious ecological problem for fi sheries management. Therefore, there is a necessity of additional fi sheries management measures to those used traditionally that contribute to protect the fi shing resources and to improve fi shing production. The Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have emerged as a tool for marine conservation and fi sheries management. The purpose of this work is to identify potentials MPAs for the fi sheries management of the demersal resources by means of an analysis of the relationship among the spatial distribution of population and ecological aspects of these resources in the northern area of the Colombian Caribbean Sea with the habitat characteristics (temperature, salinity, depth, sediment type). The relationship of population structure of demersals fi shes with the habitat conditions was established, which are important when we want to identify MPAs as a tool of sustainable fi sheries management under an ecosystem approach. By means of spatial modelization, the area of spatial distribution of demersal fi shes was calculated (5805.8 km 2 ) and of this, the juveniles were located between Dibulla and the Buritaca river in an area of 393.1 km 2 and the area of most diversity (297.0 km 2 ) was located in La Guajira region, which each represent 11.9% of the spatial distribution of the demersal fi shes. We advise for the implementation of Multiple Use -Marine Protected Areas (MU-MPA) in these sectors, that is to say, to make limited use of the fi shing resources with a system of sustainable management with the active participation of the fi shersmen
Journal
Caldasia
Volume
31
Issue/Article Nr
1
Page Range
pp.123-144
Resource/Dataset Location
http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/36078/37471
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/8296
Collections
SPINCAM Publications (Colombia)

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