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75 years of marine fisheries science of UkraineHistory of fisheries research carried out by Southern Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (YugNIRO) for the 75 years from 1922 till 1997 is presented. Special attention was paid for historical description of activity of scientists who contributed greatly into research.
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90 years of the Azov Sea Research Fisheries InstituteCongratulation letters from the most prominent fishery decision makers: Ilya Vasilievich Shestakov, Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and Head of the Federal Agency for Fishery; Kirill Viktorovich Kolonchin, Director of the Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO); Konstantin Nikolaevich Rachalovskiy, Minister of Agriculture and Food Production of Rostov Region.
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95-lecie Morskiego Instytutu Rybackiego: aktualne tematy badań naukowych: Tom I. Zasoby ryb i rybołówstwo.Tom I. Zasoby ryb i rybołówstwo – zawiera prace przedstawiające podstawy metodyczne wnioskowania o dynamice najważniejszych stad ryb bałtyckich, ich rozmieszczeniu, uzupełnieniu i eksploatacji. Analizy takie bazują na wynikach powtarzalnego monitoringu stanu środowiska morskiego z istotnym wpływem wlewów z Morza Północnego, wynikach rejsów badawczych koordynowanych międzynarodowo i prowadzonych przez wszystkie państwa nadbałtyckie oraz określaniu składu połowów i wyników ekonomicznych polskiego rybołówstwa. Zaprezentowano tu również prace przedstawiające plan zarządzania węgorzem europejskim, historię zarybień rybami łososiowatymi oraz analizę intensywnie rozwijającego się w ostatnich dekadach dorszowego rybołówstwa rekreacyjnego.
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95-lecie Morskiego Instytutu Rybackiego: aktualne tematy badań naukowych: Tom II: Stan środowiska południowego Bałtyku.Tom II – Stan środowiska południowego Bałtyku – przedstawia wybór wyników badań z szerokiego zakresu analiz środowiskowych Morza Bałtyckiego realizowanych w MIR – PIB. Za najpoważniejszy problem Bałtyku uważa się jego eutrofizację, za którą według HELCOM to nadal Polska ponosi największą odpowiedzialność, wprowadzając ładunki biogenów pochodzących z nawozów rolniczych wodami Wisły i Odry. Kompleksowa analiza danych i parametrów modeli podważa taką tezę. W tomie przedstawione są również prace dotyczące innych parametrów środowiskowych (warunki tlenowe, zasolenie), biologicznych (sieć troficzna, zapasożycenie) i antropogenicznych (trwałe zanieczyszczenia organiczne) wpływających na funkcjonowanie ekosystemu Bałtyku lub uważanych za groźne (amunicja).
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95-lecie Morskiego Instytutu Rybackiego: aktualne tematy badań naukowych: Tom III. Produkty i przetwórstwo rybne.Tom III – Produkty i przetwórstwo rybne – prezentuje prace dotyczące problemów tego sektora rybnego z uwzględnieniem jakości i bezpieczeństwa surowca, w szczególności ryb pelagicznych z Bałtyku, które mogą być w większym zakresie przetwarzane na cele konsumpcyjne. Duży wpływ na możliwości zwiększenia produkcji ma popyt konsumentów, którzy bywają wprowadzani w błąd doniesieniami medialnymi o substancjach niepożądanych w produktach rybnych. Z tego powodu w monografii przedstawiono dwie prace dotyczące wyników analiz chemicznych ryb i produktów rybnych dostępnych na polskim rynku. Cykl badań dopełniają analizy funkcjonowania łańcucha dostaw ryb bałtyckich, a także prezentacje niewykorzystanego potencjału gospodarki cyrkularnej, wykorzystującej do dalszej produkcji surowce odpadowe.
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About fecundity and forming of expenditures fund of sex cells of haarder Mugil so-iuy BasilewskiThe haarder Mugil soiuy, a mullet native to the Pacific, has been successfully acclimatised in the Azov and Black Seas. The fecundity of fishes their ovarian development and formation were studied in the Azov Sea and the Kerch Strait in 1992-1993. The eggs maturation of haarder occurs during a comparatively short time interval (20-40 days), together with increasing of water temperature. The fate of the younger size group of oocytes during the spawning and post-spawning periods is not clear yet. It should be noted that histological studies of ovaries in maturity stages 2-3, 3 and 3-4 in fish caught in the spring showed the presence of degenerating sexual cells in many females. These cells were in late stages of the protoplasmic and in early stages of the trophoplasmic growth. The fecundity in female fish in maturity stages 3, 3-4 varies within the range of 819,000-3,174,000 eggs. The fecundity increases with the fish length and weight growth.
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Abundance assessment of Dnieper stock of sturgeon in the Northwestern Black SeaThere are numerous groups of the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) inhabiting the northwestern Black Sea. Members of these groups differing in their phenotypic characters, including the exterior, body colour, shape and arrangement of bony plates. A preliminary analysis of the material suggests that fish coloration is most informative. It offers both the simplicity of identification and unambiguity of estimation. Information on coloration of the Russian sturgeon was collected in 1992-1993 in the Dnieper-Bug liman (Ukraine) and in the lower course of the Dnieper River as well as during a trawl survey of the north-western Black Sea in the spring of 1993. A total of 1,245 individuals of the sturgeon caught, body colour was determined and grouped with one of the five types of coloration assumed ad hoc: black, grey, yellowish, greenish, and greyish blue. The first two types are most common, but the black prevails in the Dnieper-Bug liman and in the lower reaches of the Dnieper. The comparison of variations in phenotypic characters was made in three length groups of fish: less than 90 cm, 91-125 cm, and above 125 cm, using Wainstein index. In the north-western Black Sea in the spring of 1993 the proportion of the Dnieper population of sturgeon in mixed samples as follows: up to 8 years, 78%, 8-16 years and above -- less than 25%. Of the total number of individuals of the Russian sturgeon in the north-western Black Sea in 1993, more than half, or 2.7 million fish, originate from the Dnieper population, but the commercial stock (fishes older than 8 years) is mostly formed from the fish of the Danube population.
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Abundant fish species of the river Sinyaya (Blue) of the National Nature Park “Siine” in YakutiaRelevance of this study is dictated by the necessity to assess the abundance and to obtain a scientific characteristic of the morphobiological and ecological features of the fish species in the Sinyaya (Blue) River of the National Nature Park “Siine” in Yakutia. The results of ichthyological research studies can present the basis for the further monitoring of morphobiological features of the studied fish species and ecological forecasting of changes in the structure of fish community of the river in this protected area, on account of deterioration of natural environment in Yakutia.
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Accumulation and spatial distribution of heavy metals and arsenic in bottom sediments of coastal areas of the Crimean Peninsula in 2016–2018Based on a summary of the expeditionary observations results, special features of accumulation and spatial distribution of heavy metals and arsenic in the surface layer of bottom sediments in the coastal areas of Crimea for the period of 2016–2018 are presented. A correlation between the level of metal accumulation and the granulometric composition of bottom sediments was detected. In the areas with minimal anthropogenic pressure, finer fractions accumulate large amounts of metals and arsenic. Increased industrial pressure in the investigated area leads to the accumulation of high concentrations of metals and arsenic by coarser fractions. The results obtained allow to identify areas of high concentrations of the studied microelements and determine the trends of changes in their total content.
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Accumulation of organochlorines by the Black Sea commercial fish species in 2014-2015The comparative results of studies on the accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in tissues and organs of various Black Sea commercial fish species over the years 1993-2013 and 2014-2015 are presented. No significant decrease in OCPs and PCBs has been observed. However, in 2015 the OCP and PCB concentrations exceeded admissible concentrations set by “Hygienic requirements for safety and nutritional value of foods. SanPiN “. Persistent penta- and hexachlorbiphenyls have been identified in the fish organs and tissues, among those some dangerous dioxin congeners have been detected.
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Accumulation of priority pollutants in the fish of the Azov Sea over the last decadeResults of long-term studies on the accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCP), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), heavy metals and arsenic in muscles, liver and gonads of the main commercial fish species of the Azov Sea (round goby Neogobius melanostomus, zander Sander lucioperca, so-iuy mullet Planiliza haematocheila, roach Rutilus heckelii, and anchovy Engraulis encrasicholus) are presented for the period from 2009 to 2018. Evaluation of OCP, PCB, heavy metals and arsenic was carried out in accordance with the techniques developed in the Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”). Out of the organochlorine pesticides under investigation, only the breakdown products of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), such as dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), were found in the samples; the DDT was not detected. The content of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (α-, γ-, β-HCH) in the total amount of OCP was either below the limit of determination, or insignificant (2–3 %). Out of congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls in the organs of the investigated fish, persistent and dangerous penta-, hexa- and heptachlorobiphenyls were present in different variations, among which dioxin-like congeners were found. The concentrations of OCP and PCB found in the organs of commercial fishes did not exceed the allowable levels (AL) provided by Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN). Accumulation levels of heavy metals and arsenic were low, aside from isolated cases when allowable levels were exceeded.
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Advisory Board Meeting of the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS, FAO, 10–14.08.2020)The international information system ASFIS (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System) involves services on abstracting and indexing of publications on aquatic sciences, technology, fisheries management, and aquatic resources and environment conservation, as well as their socio-economic and legal aspects. The Annual ASFA Board Meeting (ASFA — Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts) was held in the online format from 10 to 14 August, 2020. A wide range of issues was offered for the discussion, including the Annual FAO Secretariat Report: Partnership Agreement, progress reports of the Working and Discussion Groups, Partners' presentations, problems of the informational behavior of college students under conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific communication during the pandemic based on the approaches and expertise of the international non-profit organization World Fish, summary of the AGROVOC Vocabulary activities (the principal controlled vocabulary of the Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO UN headquarters in Rome, Italy), as well as the issues of preparation to the ASFA 50th Anniversary in 2021.The National ASFA Partner of the Russian Federation is the Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO, Moscow). The Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”) has long been one of the Russian Collaborating Centers dealing with abstracting and indexing of publications from the journal “Aquatic Bioresources & Environment” into the ASFA database with mandatory full text links to the open access e-repository OceanDocs.
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Age and growth rate of blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus Cuvier,1831) in the Gulf of AdenПриводятся некоторые аспекты по темпам роста австралийской скумбрии (Scomber australasicus Cuvier,1831) в водах Йемена. Материалом послужили данные 38 экспедиций, работавших в Аденском заливе и у восточного побережья Африки с 1962 по 1991 г.; в том числе 8 целевых экспедиций в Аденский залив с 1980 по 1991 г., выполненных по межправительственным соглашениям между Республикой Йемен и СССР. Кроме этого, проанализированы материалы более 80 экспедиций ЮгНИРО, работавших в водах Йемена попутно, и экспедиций, проводившихся в сопредельных с Йеменом водах (Сомали, Мозамбик, Оман, Пакистан и Индия). Использованы все имеющиеся данные по мониторингу советского промысла скумбрии в водах Республики Йемен. Для определения возраста скумбрии на начальных этапах исследований (1981-1983 гг.) собирались отолиты, чешуя и жаберные крышки. За период с 1980 по 1991 г. было собрано и обработано 808 пар отолитов. Поскольку в промысловых рейсах у скумбрии измерялась промысловая длина, для унификации данных были рассчитаны формулы перехода от промысловой длины к длине по Смитту. Сбор данных осуществлялся в диапазоне всех длин, представленных в уловах (от 12 до 36 см), с набором в каждом размерном классе до нескольких десятков наблюдений. Всего с этой целью было проанализировано 620 особей. Установлено, что зависимость между стандартной длиной и длиной по Смитту представляет собой уравнение прямой. Зависимость между длиной и массой описывается параболической кривой. Применение нескольких методов для выявления размерно-возрастной зависимости позволили установить, что процесс роста рыб до 2,5 лет наиболее репрезентативно описывается параболической кривой, аппроксимирующей данные прямых наблюдений, а дальнейший рост рыб хорошо описывается кривой Берталанфи. Выделено три этапа роста скумбрии в течение всего жизненного цикла: интенсивный рост в длину на первом году жизни, интенсивный весовой рост на 2-6 годах жизни и снижение интенсивности как размерного, так и весового роста, начиная с 6 года жизни.
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All-Russian Scientific Conference “Seas of Russia: Fundamental and Applied Research”This informational message is prepared using the data from the official website of the Marine Hydrophysical Institite http://mhi-ras.ru/. From the 23rd to 28th of September, 2019, the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Seas of Russia: Fundamental and Applied Research” was held on the basis of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; it was dedicated to the 90th Anniversary of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute. The program of this conference included 8 plenary reports, and 151 reports have been presented during breakout sessions, divided between the sections “Fundamental studies of the processes of marine environment formation and evolution”, “Applied problems of assessing and predicting the state of marine systems and the processes of their interaction with the atmosphere”, and “Remote research of the marine environment processes and phenomena”. Within the poster session, 65 reports were presented. Among the reports, included in the conference program, three reports have been presented by the researchers of the Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”). Following the proceedings of the Conference, a collection of its abstracts has been published.
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Alteration of rocks, massive sulfide ores and perspectives for gold mineralization of the Panarechenskaya structure (the Kola Peninsula)The present paper has been written on the base of petrographical, geochemical, and mineralogical study of massive sulfide ores and their host rocks from the Panarechenskaya tectonic-volcanic structure in the central part of the Imandra-Varzuga belt. The massive sulfide deposit is situated in the northern part of the western caldera of the Panarechenskaya structure in medium-acid volcanics of the Samingskaya unit. Massive sulfide ore forms lens bodies 0.1–4 m thick, and have been traced with drillholes for 100 m. Lenses of massive sulfides are accompanied by zones of intense sulfide dissemination up the cross section. Host rocks are intensively altered, the main alteration processes are carbonatization and silicification. Silicification is accompanied by re-deposition of ore minerals in quartz and quartz-carbonate veinlets. The main ore mineral is pyrite, minor sulfides are chalcopyrite, pirrhotite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and some other sulfides, as well as rarely tellurides of Pb, Ag, Bi, Au, and native gold (electrum). Precious metal mineralization is noted mainly in zones of disseminated sulfides near massive sulfide lenses. Au content in the ores is 0.25–0.35 ppm, Ag content is 1.75–2.25 ppm, Au/Ag ratio varies within 1/6–1/7 interval. High geochemical background can serve as a source of precious metals for formation of gold deposits during later superimposed hydrothermal processes. Our investigations have shown that the Panarechenskaya structure, and, first of all, its western caldera, is the area promising for gold deposits, and exploration works should concentrate on searching for quartz-carbonate mineralized veins and zones of silicification.
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Amphipods in estuarine and marine quality assessment – a review.Amphipods are a diverse and important group of invertebrates contributing to the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In spite of their variety, many species of amphipods share important biological and ecological characteristics that make them suitable test organisms for assessment of the ecological quality of estuarine and marine sediments. Their pertinence as test organism includes ecological relevance, close association with sediments, sensitivity to environmental contaminants, and amenability for culture and experimentation. Amphipod bioassays are used to examine the effect of exposure to contaminants, as well as to assess whole sediment quality, improve bioassay methods, develop more sensitive endpoints, and compare sensitivity and utility of species in environmental quality assessment. This work reviews the developments in this area of research over the last decades, focusing on European amphipods. The most often used species, the type of bioassays and endpoints investigated, confounding factors influencing the bioassays outcome, and the main applications of the bioassays have been presented. This review also addresses some aspects of amphipod biology that are relevant for bioassay methods and results analysis.
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Analysis of long-term monitoring of autotransformer neutral currentsThe Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences together with the Polar Geophysical Institute is carrying out research concerning the effect of geomagnetic storms on the state of electrical networks and transformer substations on the Kola Peninsula and in Karelia. A regional system for monitoring currents in transformer neutral was created which collected a huge array of information on the influence of geomagnetic disturbances on a 800 km electric network. Overhead transmission lines are giant antennas that capture electromagnetic energy of any nature from the surrounding space. An analysis of the data accumulated over many years shows that in the current of a grounded neutral there are reliable responses to a wide range of electromagnetic phenomena on the Earth and in the near-Earth space: pulsed and quasisinusoidal pulsations of the geomagnetic field, extremely-low frequency components of artificial signals, lightning discharges and internal transients in the power system. To identify phenomena, a visual method is used to analyze the time and spectral characteristics of signals, which takes a long time and is rather subjective. There is always the possibility that some important, previously unidentified phenomena will go unnoticed. The paper describes the characteristic features of signals detected in neutral currents of power transformers. Algorithms of digital signal processing that can be used to create programs for automatic analysis of large data sets have been considered. To the greatest extent, numerical methods based on wavelet expansion and Fourier transform are suitable for studying nonsteady signals of a complex structure.
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Analysis of research studies on breeding of the black soldier fly for the further development of the bioreactorThe target of the study is the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), living in warm climate; recently, the issue of breeding these flies on an industrial scale has been discussed. Analysis of literature sources will determine the optimal conditions for the development, growth and reproduction of the species in the laboratory environment. The insect efficiently processes solid organic waste. Larvae have a high nutritional value, which allows for using them in the production of animal feed for aquaculture and farm animals.
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Analysis of sanitary and hygienic requirements for live bivalve molluscs and areas of their cultivationThe analysis of sanitary and hygienic requirements, established by EAEU Technical Regulation 040/2016, which should be met by aquaculture farms in the process of bivalves cultivation, has been carried out. The retention of live molluscs in distribution and purification centers with the aim of their biological cleaning is a compulsory requirement. European experience concerning zoning of the areas of mollusc cultivation on the basis of presence of fecal coliform bacteria is analyzed, as well as the possibility of marketing molluscs without preliminary retention in distribution and purification centers. Absence of the regulatory instruments on zoning of the areas of mollusc cultivation in the Russian Federation is highlighted. It is noted that AEU Technical Regulation 040/2016 establishes uniform microbiological standards for live mussels, irrespective of whether the molluscs are meant for consumption in live condition, or for industrial processing. Necessity of applying international experience on zoning of the areas of mollusc cultivation is pointed out; it should make possible to set microbiological standards for live molluscs depending on the contamination with coliform bacteria and to precondition the cases, when retention of molluscs in distribution and purification centers would not be a compulsory requirement.
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Analysis of so-iuy mullet growth and survivability rate during the 3-year rearing cycle in conditions of the indoor fish farm of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «YugNIRO»Исследована динамика роста и выживаемости пиленгаса в течение трехлетнего цикла выращивания в условиях бассейнового хозяйства НИБ ЮгНИРО «Заветное». Показано, что абсолютный прирост ремонтной группы за трехлетний цикл выращивания составил по массе – 205,8 г, по длине – 24,13 см. Интенсивный рост пиленгаса происходит в вегетационный период. Зимой пиленгас практически не питается, что вызывает у двухлеток и трехлеток потерю массы тела до 11-12 %. Установлено, что сеголетки лучше переносят зимовку при сходном температурном и солевом режимах содержания. Выживаемость ремонтных групп пиленгаса от начального количества мальков составила: сеголеток – 91 %, двухлеток – 81 %, трехлеток – 58 %. Показано, что при выращивании пиленгаса от молоди, полученной искусственным путем, в бассейнах с комбинированной системой водоснабжения темп роста в основном зависит от двух факторов – температуры воды и вида используемого комбикорма. Наиболее высокие значения абсолютных и среднесуточных приростов были отмечены при температуре воды 20-24 °С, кормлении стартовыми и продукционными форелевыми комбикормами фирмы «Aller Aqua» с высоким содержанием сырого протеина (от 37 до 64 %) и жира (от 9 до 28 %) и невысоким содержанием клетчатки (0,2-0,5 %). Установлено, что при потреблении форелевого комбикорма значения кормовых коэффициентов у пиленгаса практически аналогичны таковым у радужной форели.
