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Implementación de filtros biológicos en sistemas de cultivo intensivo de Clarias gariepinus con la tecnología holandesa de recirculación de agua.

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Author
Portales, Anaysi
Díaz, Gonzalo
Moreira, Dayanis
Torres, Yoan
Date
2014

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Alternative Title
Biofilter implementation in intensive culture systems of Clarias gariepinus with Holland technology of water recirculation.
Abstract
La reciente transferencia de la tecnología holandesa de cultivo intensivo de Clarias gariepinus con recirculación de agua, supera a los sistemas actualmente utilizados en el país en cuanto a rendimiento (125 kg/m 3 ) y ahorro de agua, pero necesita ser adecuada a las condiciones donde será implementada. Su puesta en marcha requiere la preparación inicial de los biofiltros, donde se desarrollan bacterias nitrificantes que purifican el agua para su reuso en el cultivo. El presente trabajo transfiere las experiencias obtenidas en la preparación del filtro biológico del sistema de ceba de Clarias gariepinusy realiza un análisis sobre el ahorro de agua que representa esta tecnología. Se utilizó un cultivo bacteriano comercial (Bacterial®) y químicos en sustitución del amonio producido por los peces, con el propósito de mantener concentraciones de amonio y nitrito entre 15-20 mg/L. Diariamente se midieron los parámetros físico-químicos del agua como indicadores del proceso de preparación del biofiltro. Se determinó el ahorro por concepto de agua en un ciclo productivo. La preparación del biofiltro culminó a los 8 días, las temperaturas fueron favorables para su desarrollo (25 °C) y el pH (7,09 a 8,4) no se acidificó debido a la dureza del agua, aunque decreció hasta el día 4, coincidiendo con las mayores concentraciones de nitrito y nitrato. Esta tecnología puede consumir 30 veces menos agua que la empleada para producir 1 TM de Clarias en un estanque de tierra de una hectárea, lo que representa un ahorro de 2 780 m 3 de agua y de $ 834,00/TM de pescado producida.
Recent transference of Holland technology for intensive Clarias gariepinusculture with water recirculation overcomes to the culture systems currently used in the country according to yield (125 kg/m 3 ) and water saving, but it needs some adequations to the conditions of the place in which is implemented. Its start up requires initial preparation of biofilter, in which nitrificans bacteria that guarantee water purification for its reutilization in fish culture are needed. Present work transfers experiences obtained in biofilter preparation in Clarias gariepinus ongrowth system and it makes an analysis of the water saving with this technology. With this purpose, we utilized a commercial bacteria culture (Bacterial®) and chemicals in substitution of ammonium produced by fish, to keep ammonium and nitrite concentrations between 15 to 20 mg/L. Physico-chemical water parameters were also measured as indicators of the biofilter development process. Water saving in a productive cycle was determined, too. Biofilter was ready at 8 days, temperatures were favourables to its development (25 °C) and pH (7,09 to 8,4) was not acidified due to water hardness, although it decreased until day 4 th , according with major concentrations of nitrite and nitrate. This technology can consume 30 times less water than in an earth pond of one hectare to produce 1 TM of Clarias, that represents a saving 2 780 m 3 of water and $ 834,00 per fish ton produced.
Journal
Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Pesqueras
Volume
31
Issue/Article Nr
2
Page Range
pp.18-22
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/9086
Collections
Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Pesqueras

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